Critical Thinking Self Reflection. The Human Thought Process

Critical Thinking Self Reflection The human thought process is one that most people repeat dozens if not hundreds of times an hour. Many people don’t contemplate how this process works, they just process one thought after another to make decisions, solve problems, or process a fond memory. Examining and strengthening the thought process improves decision making abilities which enables a person to make better, more informed choices. This essay will analyze where I personally am in my development as a critical thinker, along with the challenges I face in the effort to improve in this regard. To do this, I will analyze what critical thinking means to me, the role it plays in my life today, how this course relates to good thinking, how I†¦show more content†¦As I have grown older, critical thinking has become a much larger part of my life and much more complicated because there is much more on the line. I have a family now with a wife and two children, along with a full-time job that demands well thought out solutions that produce results. Age has also given me the empathy and ability to better see things from another perspective, something I did not when I was younger. I have found having the humility and foresight to ask for outside opinions to be one of the most valuable tools in the decision-making process. Further strengthening my critical thinking skills will not only further enhance my ability to make sound decisions and reason through the issues and decision I make, but will help me to meet the goals that I have set for my future. One of these goals is to impress upon my children the importance of critical thinking, especially gathering all of the facts before making a decision. My career goals in IT Management will also benefit from the application of these methods. In this field, as in many others, a poor decision can be costly or even fatal to a business. As Smith (2003) points out, â€Å"effective thinking is a key to management success, being implicated in virtually every task or function managers perform†. HUM101, Critical Thinking, and my Beliefs From my first couple of weeks studying material in this class, my impression is that I will undoubtedly leave with anShow MoreRelatedSocial Cognitive Theory Main Concepts Essay1471 Words   |  6 Pagesother hands, andragogy is a theory developed by Malcolm Shepherd Knowles in 1980’s. Andragogy focuses on the science of adult learning and self-directive learning. The main highlights of this approach are self-concept, learner experience, readiness, orientation, and motivation. In self-concepts, as a human matures they move from being dependent towards self- directed (Merriam, 2014 p. 47). 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The Core Principle Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

Introduction The core principle of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) will be applied to a patient/client with depression in this essay. The outline will follow a chronological order of ABC analysis case formulation describing the client/patient’s main problems. A CBT Interventional therapeutic approaches that may be adopted encompasses; Behavioural (BA) activation, Individual CBT and Inter-personal Therapy (IPT) originated or devised from the cognitive behavioural formulation of this patient. Also a description and /or diagrammatical representation of the Beck et (1979) depression Inventory BDI-ll instrument or tools (device) that may be used to measure the patient/client progress will be illustrated. It will follow by a summary and conclusion of the key points discussed. For the purpose of confidentiality the patient name has been changed to John as recommended by Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) (2008). Introduction 2 The core principle of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT) will be applied to a patient/client with depression in this essay. An ABC analysis case formulation describing the client/patient’s main problems will be described or outlined. CBT Interventional therapeutic approaches devised from cognitive behavioural formulation of this patient that could or may be adopted encompasses; Behavioural (BA) activation, Individual CBT and Inter-personal Therapy (IPT). Also a description and /or diagrammatical representation of the Beck et (1979) depressionShow MoreRelatedThe Principles Of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1276 Words   |  6 PagesTreatment Beck et al (1985) states that there are 10 principles of cognitive behavioral therapy. These principles are the foundation of the therapy. The principles discuss how the cognitive model is used as a basis for interventions. The principles go on to demonstrate that cognitive therapy is a brief intervention. 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Behavior Therapy really begins in the early 1900s during the behaviorist movement starting with Pavlov, Watson, Skinner, Thorndike, and Hull along with many other scientists that were primarily dealing with behavior and the observation of behavior. The 1950s two research groups in South Africa were on the way to making behavior therapy a science based therapy

El Drama Essay Research Paper El DramaVideo free essay sample

El Drama Essay, Research Paper El Drama Video: Bodas de sangre Bodas de sangre fue un picture muy interesante porque nos mostro que pasa con los actores atras del teatro Y La pediculas. Me gusto saber que ellos ten? an que praticar mucho parity hacer este teatro Y que mucho trabajo Virginia parity hacer una pedicula. Tamb? en fue interesante porque no usaban palabras para decirnos Las cosas que estaban pasando en el teatro pero usaban Air Combat Command? 1s y movimientos del cuerpo parity decirnos lo que estaba pasando. Me gusto EL baile tamb? en que ellos hicieron. Pratica 1. ? C? minute Se presenta La interacci? n entre los personajes, en T? rminos del ambiente general de la obra y en T? rminos de la creaci? n de tipos individuales? A myocardial infarction me parece que hay un ambiente de tristeza Y pesimista, no hay Cupid entre La familia. Biff es un Marx que no quiere reponsibilidad Y oidie a su military chaplain. Su Mam? tiene mucho Cupid Y paciencia por todos. 2. ? Cu? les boy los elementos ling? ? sticos m? s significativos del fragmento? Cu? les boy Las peculiaridades m? s pronunciadas del lenguaje de cada personaje? Yo creo que La ling? isticos de este fragmento nos hacen ver Biff y La Mam? en nuestros mentes. S? , sierve el lenguaje parity identificar a La character. 3. ? Qu? objetos Y s? mbolos se ven en estos fragmentos Y qu? importancia tienen? Vemos el pelo de la mam? que Es Gris. Este nos ayuda a sabre cuantos a? os ella Y su esposo tiene. 4. ? Cu? les boy los aspectos visuales m? s sobresalientes de cada escena? El aspecto m? s ocular fue cuando punch lupus erythematosus mira a su Mam? y se district attorney cuento que esta poniendo vieja. 5. S? hay acotaciones, ? copper? cubic decimeter Es su funci? n? Question Cuestionario 1. ? Qu? significa literalmente EL T? rmino # 8220 ; play # 8221 ; ? ? Cu? cubic decimeter Es La diferencia B? sica ente EL g? nero drachm? tico Y La narrativa O La Poes? a? Drama-drao: hacer ; acci? N. La obra dramatica colora en un espacio determinado a unos actores que presentan de nuevo o representan La aci? n que EL dramaturgo hour angle creado. 2. ? Qu? papeles desempe? aron desde los or? east northeasts de la tragedia cada uno de los siguientes elementos: EL coro, el protagonista y el # 8220 ; personaje comod? n # 8221 ; ? El protagonista-el personaje principal ; el h? reo. El coro-el pueble ; un papel parity ayudar a los epecadores a llegar Al actores. 3. ? En qu? se diferencian La tragedia de la comedia Y? sta de la farsa? La comedia-macio de las alegres canciones que el pueblo griego cantaba en las fetes. La frasa- ? sta Es un tipo de cosa que motiva la risa. En la frasa el humorismo radica en situaci? Nes que boy rid? culas por ser absurdas. 4. ? Cu? cubic decimeter Es La primera obra drachm? tica espa? ola Y a qu? siglo Se remonta? Calisto y Melibea ( 1502 ) 5. ? Por qu? se considera La Celestina una obra clave en La evoluci? n del teatro espa? ol? Literariamente, La Celestina, por su clairvoyance? ritu human? stico evidente en la autonom? a O libre albedr? o concedido a los personajes Y en la fusi? n de risa y llanto, de amor Y odio, de ternura y extremada violencia, abre cominos parity la comedia O draa espa? ol de Siglo de Oro Y, a La postre, parity EL drachm read-only memory? ntico del siglo XIX. 6. ? Qu? importancia tiene EL Arte nuevo de hacer comedias de Lope de Vega en la historia del teatro espa? ol? ? Qu? precedentes establece el libro respecto a lo siguiente: ? el P? blico? ? La acci? N? ? La caracterizaci? N? ? El lenguaje? ? La estructura drachm? tica en lo que concierne a La divisi? n en actos Y a los elementos degree Celsius? micos Y tr? gicos? Lope sugiere una serie de mdida destinadas a acentuar La autonom? a Y EL individualismo del dramaturho espa? ol. Sus degree Fahrenheit? rmulas teatrales est? n magistralmente aplicadas a Sus propias comedias, las m? s destaqcadas Y T? picas de la? poca. Ante todo, paraLope, el drachm deb? a satisfacer totalmente Al P? blico que pagaba par ser entretenido. Este deb? a reproducir EL nuevas normas favorecen la espontaneidad en el lenguaje. Lope optaba por prolongar el suspenso de la comedia hasta mediados del? ltimo acto. Lope tambi? n sugiere que Se alterne regularmente lo tr? gico con lo degree Celsius? mico, una convenci? n manifestada asimismo en la representaci? n de una pieza corta y liviana-el entrem? s-colocada entre una acci? n drachm? tica Y otra. 7. ? A qu? se debe La popularidad del personaje de don Jaun? ? Qui? n fue su creador? ? Qui? n fue otro de los grandes dramaturgos seguidores de Lope? ? C? minute Se caracteriz? su teatro? Se debe La popularidad a Juan riz de Alarc? N, cada uno aport? recursos ideol? gicos Y estil? sticos propios de cubic decimeter arte teatral del Siglo de Oro. Lope de Vega fue su creador. El teatro de ruiz de Alarc? N retrata fielmente y con fuerte clairvoyance? ritu moralizador a ciertos tipo moral que de tipo est? tico. 8. ? En qu? sentido Se podr? a decir que Pedro Calder? n de la Barca, Al escribir su obra maestra La vida Es Sue? o, rompe con La tradici? n drachm? tica espa? olla? ? Qu? elementos barrocos de la pieza muestran su auto? cter innovador? Rompe con La tradici? n porque EL? nfasis que pone EL autor en Al educaci? n moral Y EL uso que hace de efector sensoriales y llamativos. De hecho Calder? n crea aqu? una pieza filos? fica Y Al mismo tiempo de innegable timber Po? tico. 9. La pieza del dugqe de rivas ejemplifica el melodrama read-only memory? ntico con Sus amantes aces, V? ctimas de un fatal destino. Otras caracter? sticas del play read-only memory? ntico presentes en La fuerza del sino boy: La uni? n de la prosa con EL verso, la fusi? n de lo tr? gico con lo degree Celsius? mico, el abundante colour local, los vistosos efectos esc? nicos, el nan n? mero de personajes, los protagonistas estereotpadosy La acci? n blare? mica-todo esto comprimido en cinco actos que pueden abarcar muchos a? os Y ocurrir en distintos lugares. La froza del destino, Son alvaro o La fuerza del sino, El trovador. 10. La gringa dramatiz simb? licamente La job? tica societal Y humana con La que se enfrentan el emigrante europeo y el descendiente del gaucho? conflicto del cual surgir? n un nuevo dad? s Y un nuevo tipo de gente. 11. La Generaci? n 98. Jacinto Benavente desmpe? a un papel fundaental: renueva el teatro nacional moderniz? ndolo Y acerc? ndolo as? al teatro de otros dad? ses europeos. Question 12. Federico Garc? a Locra Se ditingue asimismo como somedi? grafo. El suyo es un teatro eminentemente Po? tico cuya fuente de inspiraci? n Es dobre todo La tradici? n literaria Y folcl? rica de su tierra. En esa trilog? a se encuentra EL tema m? s caro a Garc? a Locra, el del Cupid frustrado. Sirvi? ndose de una standard pressure? sefera Po? tica, semi-real, el autor representa EL Cupid como una fuerza instintiva, critical, m? gica, en lucha constante Contra La realidad cotidiana, o sea, contra el orden socail Y moral. La casa de Bernada Adba 1. El lugar Es en los Pueblo de Espa? a. 2. La casa Es hecha de piedra, y es obscuro edentro de la casa. Vernada y Sus hijas, y la abuela con los sirvantes. Tres. Porque La hija city manager, Angustia, es por casarse Y ella Es vieja Y La otras heremanas quieren casarse con Pepe, Y estan tristes que no puedan. 3. S? , estoy de acuerdo- porque La madre Brenada tiene EL actitud de masculino y usa eso parity dirigir a Sus hijas. 4. ? fifty Es un guy que no esta casado y el Es EL prometido de Angustia. Pepe el Homano, hombres que trabajaban en el campo quien cantaban, la personas del barrio quien matabam a La chica que tuvo La bebe antes de ser casada. 5. En el espacio exterior pasa muchas cosas como la gente de afuera matan a una chica porque tuvo un bebe antes de casarse. Tamb? en los guies que trabajan en el campo Y pasan a La casa cantando. Tamb? en Pepe el Romano quien viene parity ver a Angustia. 6. Porque ella Es vieja Y esta por morir Y quiere salir de la casa para ir y ver al mundo y tener experiencias. Si ella representa a La character que quiere progressar pero no puede porque Las personas que estan alreador de ella no La deja. 7. Se suicida porque ella creia que La cosa ( Pepe el Romano ) por lo copper? cubic decimeter estaba viva epoch muerto y no habia raz? n parity vivir. Tamb? en el muerte le paracia La unica manera de salir de su casa. 8. Yo creo que este Es un simbolo de Espa? a Y como La gente viejo y las authoridades no quieren que Espa? a progessa. Los viejos boy felices si los que tratan de progressar o cambiar muere. Los obreros y yo 1. El imagen pretende proyectar Es que ella es uno de los obreros Y una character commun. 2. Ella quiere communicar que ella no Es nada sin los obreros, Y que ella no trabaja parity la ganazia de su mismo pero la gananzia de la gente. Este tuvo un effecto sobre La gente en que la gente commun le apollaba mucho. 3. No estoy seguro pero creo que esta hablando de que ella habla las palabras de la gente entonces ella esta hablando Las palabras mismas. 4. Se debe su interes a La casa de que vivo. Ella no wine de una casa rica pero humilde Y ella fue un descamisada su misma. Este es uno de las razones que ella tuvo interes por la gente obrero porque ya sabia como sent? an.

Tony Kushners Angels in America free essay sample

This paper is an analysis of the different themes discussed in Tony Kushners, award-winning play, `Angels in America.` The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss and compare the play `Angels in America,` by Tony Kushner. Specifically the paper discusses who are the angels, how do they affect the play and what do they symbolize? The different characters and their roles are detailed, as are the different events that shape their lives. The author also explores Kushners use of magic and how it is threaded throughout the play. Later, in the second play, one of the characters equates angels to powerful bureaucrats, they have no imagination, they can do anything but they cant invent, create, theyre sort of fabulous and dull all at once (Kushner). Thus, the angels can stand for anything and everything that is happening to America. Consistently, the characters say how hard it is to live in America. We will write a custom essay sample on Tony Kushners Angels in America or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They are referring to how difficult it is to fit into society when you are different a Mormon, gay, black, or sick. Angels in America are the ones who know how hard it is to live here, and do it day after day.

The presentation of Silas Marner in chapter 1+2, and comment on settings and any themes Essay Example

The presentation of Silas Marner in chapter 1+2, and comment on settings and any themes Paper George Eliot, which is the pseudonym of Mary Ann Evans, was a prolific writer during the 19th century and could also translate German and was interested in philosophy. The book, Silas Marner, was written at a time of great demographic change and during the industrial revolution in 1861. In the book she uses many different and superlative techniques, such as breaking up the story between passages of moralising and narrative, to convey to the reader, the settings and details of Silas Marners journey The Story is set mainly in Raveloe, although it also describes Lantern Yard when we learn about Silass past. Raveloe is a rural community, which may have a biological link to Eliots home, the Arbury estate in Warwickshire, full of rich people, some of whom didnt even need to be good farmers to earn their living with surplus left over. The village held a nostalgic view of life and were bewildered by the concept of Silass profession, weaving. They were confused by how thread was made into clothing and were suspicious of the newcomer, Silas, Because of this they thought he was in league with the devil. We will write a custom essay sample on The presentation of Silas Marner in chapter 1+2, and comment on settings and any themes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The presentation of Silas Marner in chapter 1+2, and comment on settings and any themes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The presentation of Silas Marner in chapter 1+2, and comment on settings and any themes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, the other environment depicted is Lantern Yard, which was Silass home town before he was expelled. Lantern Yard is a poor artisan community and even the name suggests that is a place which is dark where no one goes. However the inhabitants are all close friends and all gather together for the church services. In chapter 1we learn that Silas is pallid, because he doesnt much, and short sighted , the result of day-to-day weaving. His most distinctive feature are his eyes, which are bulging, making people afraid because they thought he had the evil eye, this evil eye makes him seem alienated to us. However his eyes also described as eyes which have a deer like gaze which portrays to us, his innocence and that he is vulnerable about herbs, which makes people think he is practising witchcraft, but is also very san and honest, because of the way he doesnt take advantage of the fact that the citizens of lantern yard think he has risen from the dead In Chapter 1 we also learn about Silass catalepsy, first discovered by Jem Rodney, who is a mole catcher, which leaves him in a state of temporary suspension of physical and psychological . His catalepsy plays an important role in the book because whebn he was still in Lantern Yard, the villages thought he had come back from the dead and treated him like a celebrity afterwards, but catalepsy then allows William Dane to steal the deacons money. However, in Raveloe they thought his soul had left his body to trained by the devil,w hich makes the villages suspicious of him even more. Lantern Yard meant a lot to Silas as it was the framework of his life and supplied him with attendance of church service and a social circle, which is lost when he settles at Raveloe. Back at Lantern Yard when he was morally scrupulous and didnt take advantages of tempting situations. Part of Silass social circle was William Dane, who was his best friend, but we soon learn to be cautious of him when Eliot describes him to be dazzled by his own light, which would have been recognized by the Victorian audience as a reference to Lucifer, but also of the fact that he had narrow slanting eyes and compressed lips. When William Dane had stolen the deacons money, the members of the Lantern Yard sect blamed it on Silas, because of Silass catalepsy, he suffered the full consequences of the incident and was expelled. By being expelled from the sect he lost the very framework and foundation of his life and also lost his friends and fiance. This whole tragic experience left Silas without religion as well, as he calls God the God of lies. After we discver about the escapade at Lantern Yard ,we learn the reason why Silas chooses to settle in Raveloe. He chose Raveloe because it was nothing like Lantern Yard in terms of community and landscape, this helped him to forget about the painful experiences of Lantern Yard and in Raveloe he believed that he had escaped the god of lies who betrayed him. The location of Silas cottage is also very significant, because it is not far from the edge of a deserted stone-pit which serves as both a narrative and symbolic function. It is symbolic because the graveyard is barren and dead just like him because no one knows him. Towards the end of the chapter we learn about Silass affection towards the gold, which he has earned from all his weaving. The gold plays an important role in the story and it also means a lot to Silas because they are his surrogate friends would now. Gold also never loses its value which is important to Silas as this meant his friends wouldnt lose their worth like William Dane did. Eliot cleverly use natural imagery to describe Silass way of life and also his state of mind, she shows us with this imagery that Silass work are now his life and almost nothing meant more to him now.

British Prespective of the failure of the Albany Plan of Uni essays

British Prespective of the failure of the Albany Plan of Uni essays British officials and lawmakers today applauded the decision of the colonial assemblies to reject a colonial unity plan, the Albany plan of Union, of which they did not approve of. On a hot summer day in June of the year 1754 of our Lord, Benjamin Franklin, delegate to the colony of Pennsylvania and Massachusetts colony governor Thomas Hutchinson proposed and drafted a plan for uniting our thirteen colonies in North America, in the face of the coming war with France. Colonial delegates to the convention in Albany, New York accepted the plan and sent it to the colonial assemblies to approve, none of which did so, rightfully. Although, at first English officials had suggested a "union between ye Royal, Proprietary various reasons, as one senior British official put it. The plan called for the creation of new layers of government, including a president-general who would be appointed by the Crown and exercise broad powers over relationships with the Indians, making war and governing the frontier areas until new colonies were created. Also, a grand council was also to be created, in which members would be appointed by the existing colonial assemblies and whose representation would be determined by the amount of financial contribution (or taxes) paid to the organization. But ultimately the plan was rejected by all thirteen of the colonial assemblies and it would have been doubtful our Lord, King George III and royal officials in the colonies would have approved of such a preposterous consolidation of power in the American colonies. ...

Guerrilla marketing and advertising Dissertation

Guerrilla marketing and advertising - Dissertation Example erception of GM 4.2.3 Impact of GM on Consumers’ Intention to purchase 4.3.4 Impact of GM on Consumers’ Purchase Behaviour 4.3 Findings from the Interview of the Advertising Experts 4.3.1 Reasons for Using GM strategies 4.3.2 Some Examples of Successful GM Strategies 4.3.3 Success of GM for different types of Products 4.3.4 Strategies and Tactics that for Viral Marketing 4.3.5 Challenges of Using GM/VM 4.3.6 Advantages of Using GM/VM 4.3.7 Future Role and Trend for GM Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations 5.1 Summary of Research Findings and Conclusions 5.2 Research Limitations and Scope for Future Research. List of Tables and Figures Table 1: Reasons for Using GM strategies Figure A: Diagrammatic Representation of the Research Methodology Figure 1: Customers’ Awareness of GM Figure 2: Consumers’ Perception of GM as Aggressive Figure 3: Consumers’ Perception of GM as Aggressive Figure 4: Consumers’ Perception of GM as Creating Insights a bout Their Needs Figure 5: Consumers’ Perception of GM as Creating Awareness about New Products Figure 6: GM as Creating Awareness of Non-Advertised Products Figure 7: GM as creating more choices for customers Figure 8: Impact of GM on Consumers’ Intention to purchase Figure 9: Impact of GM on Consumers’ Purchase Behaviour List of Appendices Appendix A: Survey Research Questionnaire Appendix B: Interview Research Questionnaire References Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Research Background and Overview While a large amount of literature exists on the various advantages of Guerrilla marketing and also on the strategies and tactics related to this type of marketing, there has been little research on gauging the impact it has. Organizations indulge in viral marketing strategies with the objective of creating awareness for... This essay "Guerrilla marketing and advertising" outlines and analyzes the effect of the GM and its perception by the customers and the problems and opportunities that advertisers have with GM strategies. Guerilla marketing It is non-conventional as it does not confine itself to the regular media or channels of advertising and it uses content strategies that may be more creative or even bizarre. Guerrilla marketing, as it name indicates, largely draws parallels from the Guerrilla warfare strategies. In the case of Guerrilla warfare, the means of war are not straightforward and people do not fight by rules of conventional warfare. The element of surprise is used heavily to conduct short but highly forceful attacks on the opponents. In the same way, Guerrilla marketing follows the concept of surprise and taking the customer unguarded, and projecting the advertised content or message in a targeted manner when the customer least expects it or is least prepared to steal himself or herself against the impact (Tufel, 2004). The logic behind using the surprise element is that most customers being exposed to innumerous advertising messages throughout their day – through TV, the Internet, billboards, newspapers, pamphlets, in shop point of purchase displays etc. – are mostly able to immune themselves against these messages (Susca et al, 2008). There is too much clutter of advertising messages and customers can tune themselves out of the picture when plagued by a huge amount of information that impinges on their senses.

Taxation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Taxation - Assignment Example Whether someone is employed or self employed depends upon the terms and conditions of relevant engagement. The tax and National Insurance contributions (NICs) rules do, however have special rules that apply to certain special categories of workers in certain circumstances. If you work for someone else it is important to know whether you are working for that person in employed capacity or in a self- employed capacity as an independent contractor.† (HMRC)ii Self employed taxpayers have the advantage of claiming wide range of expenses against the receipts of self employment services. â€Å"The decision to become self employed can also be affected by tax system.†(David G Blanch flower and Chris Shad forth)iii There is also an advantage of payment of income tax by instalments as against taxes being withheld by the employer under the PAYE scheme. It becomes extremely difficult in many cases to distinguish between self employment status and employee status of a tax payer. Whene ver any taxpayer is working on part time basis with more than one entity it is always the desire of HMRC to consider the tax payer under the employee status. This is because of easy and quick collection of taxes and NI under PAYE scheme on an income where only limited range of expenses can be claimed and thus providing higher amount of taxes. In fact these are the nature of activities of the taxpayer that decide the status of the tax payer. If there exists a contract of services then it is easy to consider taxpayer as an employee of the entity with whom the contract has been executed to render the services. But when such contracts exist for more than one entity the taxpayer would be treated as self employed rendering services to a number of entities. What will happen when there is no such contract? Under such conditions the issue is decided on basis of certain criteria. The main criteria are control over the performance of activities, fixidity of payment of remuneration even when th e entity is not earning, ownership of equipments used by the taxpayer during the performance of the duties, and exclusivity of providing services to one entity among other considerations. In our case Sam is now providing services exclusively to West London Company, and that is why HMRC wants tax him under the status of an employee and not under the status of as a self employed person. When you are not your own master and control of your activities and the performance is guided by the person providing you the remuneration, the status of the taxpayer is treated as an employee of the person providing him/ her the remuneration. â€Å"You are responsible for your own taxes and NI contributions† (Directgov)iv In the case of Sam his activities are now completely controlled by West London Company. Company is providing a fixed monthly remuneration of ?7500 even though he is operating from home. At the same time company is also providing him access to a desk, telephone, computer, and a lso stationery in the office. No reimbursement of expenses is allowed under the arrangement as the remuneration is fixed at ?7500 per month. There is exclusivity as Sam is also not providing services to any other entity or client. It should be noted that employment income is taxed on the basis of receipt of remuneration and not on accrual or earned basis which is applied when the taxpayer’

Islamic Civilization and Byzantium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islamic Civilization and Byzantium - Essay Example This small group moved to Medina under the command of Allah, where many Muslims already resided. This became the first Muslim State (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 302-305). Despite this, the Muslims in Medina were attacked by those in Mecca several times. Due to their status as idol-worshippers and the breaking of a peace treaty, Mohammed decided it was time to conquer Mecca, where many of those living there were converted into Islam (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 301). From here, Islam began to flourish under the Prophet Mohammed until his death in 632AD, as the people of Mecca were converted and no longer provided a threat (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 318-322). Despite this, Islam would face several challenges following the death of the Prophet Mohammed (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 308-335). As with many religions, there was a split in Islam reflecting an internal conflict; the Sunni sect, who hold Mohammed’s life up as an example of purity and are said to follow tradition, and the Shi’a sect. who follow the word of Imams as they believe they are directly descended from Mohammed and he appointed this lineage as his successors (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 325-335). ... Sufism is slightly different to the Shi’a/Sunni split, as followers of Sufi can identify with a separate sect whilst still following Sufi Islam (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 325-335). Islam refers to the people of the book (referring to those of other religions that follow similar ideals to those within Islam, like Christians and Jewish people) as dhimmi (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 325-335). These peoples are allowed to live in the Muslim State and can be exempted from some parts of Sharia Law. The dhimmi are afforded the utmost respect in Islam (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 325-335), as the teachings of Allah and the Prophet Mohammed suggest they should be. Additionally, the constitution of Medina suggests that those who follow religious and good lives should be treated as equals. Additionally, being an Abrahimic religion, there are many similarities between Islam, Christianity and Judaism. All three religions worship one God, in contrast to many of the smaller religions th at were around in the area at the time of Mohammed (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 325-335). There are also many similar guidelines and practises within Islam when compared with those found in Christianity and Judaism. What circumstances brought Abd al-Rahman I to Iberia? Discuss his efforts to establish the Umayyad dynasty in Iberia. How do these efforts impact Jews and Christians during his rule and afterwards? In what ways did language (Arabic) and culture impact the Jews and Christians of Iberia? What were their respective reactions? Relate and discuss examples of these reactions. What happened to the Umayyad dynasty under Abd al-Rahman III? Abd-al-Rahman I first came to Iberia as a result of having to flee the old Umayyad dynasty, found in Damascus, as the Abbasid were coming to power in the

Airplanes And Aircraft Engineering Essay

Airplanes And Aircraft Engineering Essay Aircrafts are capable of flight using forward motion that generates lift as the wing moves through the air. Airplane is propelled by a screw propeller or a high-velocity jet, and supported by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings. There are many components of an airplane however the essential components are a wing system to sustain it during flight, tail surfaces to stabilize the wing, movable surfaces to control the attitude of the machine in flight, and a power plant to provide the thrust to push the craft through the air. An enclosed body which is known as the fuselage houses the crew, passengers, and cargo, as well as the controls and instruments used by the navigator. An airplane also requires a support system when it is at rest on a surface and during takeoff and landing. Airplanes have different shapes and sizes depending on the purpose, but the modern airplanes have some features in common. They are fuselage, tail assembly and control surfaces, wing, power-plant and landing gear. In this report the prime focus is on the Prime components of the aircraft assuring structural integrity while meeting requirements for optimum operational performance of an aircraft. The empennage is also known as the tail is the rear part of the aircraft. Usually it includes the stabilizers, rudder and elevator as many other components as seen below.. It is constructed depending on the aircraft for example in fighter jets it may be constructed around the exhaust nozzle. In commercial aircrafts the empennage is built from the cabin pressure-cone and may contain the Flight Data Recorder (black box), Cockpit Voice Recorder and the pressure out-flow valve. There is another design which does not require an elevator. In this design there is a one-piece horizontal stabilizer that pivots from a central hinge point, such a design is known as a stabilator. 2. Wings: As we can see below is a wing. Wings are airfoils attached to each side of the fuselage and are the main lifting surfaces that help the airplane during flight. There are great variations in the wing designs, sizes, and shapes used by the various manufacturers. Each of these specifications fulfils a certain need with respect to the performance for an airplane. Wings may be attached at the top, middle, or lower portion of the fuselage and are referred to as high-, mid-, and low-wing, respectively. The number of wings may vary. Monoplanes contain a single set of wings while those with two sets are called Biplanes. The principal structural parts of the wing are SPARS, RIBS, and STRINGERS. These are reinforced by trusses, I-beams, tubing, or other devices, including the skin. The wing ribs determine the shape and thickness of the wing (airfoil). Attached to the rear, or trailing, edges of the wings are two types of control surfaces referred to as ailerons and flaps. http://khup.com/view/2_keyword-design-of-aircraft-rib-structure/aircraft-structure.html 2.1 Spars 2.1.1. Definition: The spar is the main structural member of the wing, in a fixed-wing aircraft, running span wise at right angles to the fuselage. There may be more than 1 spar or none at all. 2.1.2 Uses: Fight loads and the weight of the wings whilst on the ground is carried by spars. Spars are also used in aerofoil surfaces such as the tail plane, fin and serve a similar function, although the loads transmitted may be different. 2.1.3. Loads: Upward bending loads from the wing lift force that supports the fuselage in flight. Downward bending loads due to the weights acting. Drag loads dependent on airspeed and inertia. Rolling inertia loads. Chordwise twisting loads due to aerodynamic effects at high airspeeds. 2.1.4. Materials: Wooden construction Early aircraft used spars carved from solid Spruce or Ash. Wooden spar types have been used and tried with such as spars which are box-section in form; or laminated spars which are laid up in a jig, and compression glued to retain the wing dihedral. Wooden spars are still being used in light aircraft such as the Robin DR400. Metal spars A common metal spar in a general aviation aircraft generally consists of a sheet aluminium spar web, with L or T -shaped spar caps being welded or riveted to the top and bottom of the sheet to prevent buckling under applied loads. Tubular metal spars The German Junkers J.I armoured fuselage ground-attack sesquiplane of 1917 used a Hugo Junkers -designed multi-tube network of several tubular wing spars, placed just under the corrugated duralumin wing covering and with each tubular spar connected to the adjacent one with a space frame of triangulated duralumin strips riveted onto the spars. Advantages Gives substantial increase in structural strength at a time when most other designs were built with wood-structure wings. Geodesic construction In aircraft such as the Vickers Wellington, a geodesic wing spar structure was employed which had the advantages of being lightweight and able to withstand heavy battle damage with only partial loss of strength. Composite construction Nowadays aircraft use carbon fibre and Kevlar in their construction, ranging in size from large airliners to small aircraft. Companies have employed solid fibreglass spars in their designs but now often use carbon fibre in their high performance gliders such as the ASG 29 Advantages The increase in strength and reduction in weight compared to the earlier fibreglass-sparred aircraft allows a greater quantity of water ballast to be carried. 2.1.5. Disadvantages: The wooden spar has a danger of the deteriorating effect that atmospheric conditions, both dry and wet, and biological threats such as wood-boring insect infestation and fungal attack can have on the wooded spars; consequently regular inspections are often mandated to maintain airworthiness. Similar disadvantages on metal spars limit their use. 2.2 Ribs 2.2.1. Definition: In an aircraft,  ribs  are forming elements of the structure of a  wing. Ribs are attached to the main  spar, and by being repeated at frequent intervals they form a skeletal shape. Usually ribs incorporate the  airfoil  shape of the wing. They are the cross-section shape of a wing. The ribs can be classified according to the types of load acting on it. Lightly loaded ribs are subjected to aerodynamic loads while a rib is subjected to concentrated forces transferred from primary points is considered as moderately loaded rib. 2.2.2 Function: Maintain the sectional shape of wing box. Function as panel breakers for stringers. Provide support for attachment of other systems. Distribute locally applied air pressure loads. 2.2.3. Stiffness: The ribs contribute little to the overall stiffness of the wing box and also carry little of global bend and twist loads acting on the wing. 2.2.4. Loads: Loads acting on the ribs are of three types: Loads transmitted from the skin-stringer wing panels. Concentrated forces transmitted to the rib due to landing gear connections, power plants nacelle connections, etc Body forces in the form of gravitational forces. Inertia forces due to wing structural mass. 2.2.5. Materials: Ribs are made out of wood, metal, plastic, composites, foam. Carbon reinforced composites (CFC) or Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) are used extensively in aircraft structures as they give high stiffness and strength with lower weight. 2.2.6. Advantages and Disadvantages: Wooden ribs are subjected to atmospheric deterioration. http://khup.com/view/2_keyword-loads-acting-on-ribs/report-5.html 2.3. Stringers or Longerons Interior of a Boeing/ Stearman PT-17 showing small channel section stringers. 2.3.1. Definition: A longeron  or  stringer  or  stiffener  is a thin strip of wood, metal or carbon fibre, to which the skin of the aircraft is fastened. Longerons are attached to  formers  in the case of the fuselage, or  ribs  in the case of a wing, or  empennage. In early aircraft, a fabric covering was sewn to the longerons, and then stretched tight by painting it with  dope, which would make the fabric shrink, and become stiff. 2.3.2. Properties: Longeron and stringer are used interchangeably. If the longitudinal members in a fuselage are less in number (usually 4 to 8), they are called longerons. The longeron system requires that the fuselage frames be closely spaced (about every 4 to 6 in/10 to 15 cm). If the longitudinal members are numerous (usually 50 to 100) then they are called stringers. In the stringer system the longitudinal members are smaller and the frames are spaced farther apart (about 15 to 20 in/38 to 51 cm). Longerons are of larger cross-section when compared to stringers. 2.3.3. Advantages: On modern aircraft the stringer system is more common because its more weight efficient despite being complex to construct and analyze. Some aircraft, use a combination of both stringers and longerons. The stringers carry bending moments and axial forces. They also stabilize the thin fuselage skin. 3. Power Plant: A power plant consists of propeller and engine.   The main function of the engine is to supply power to run the propeller. It also generates electrical power, provides vacuum source for flight instruments, and provides a source of heat for the pilot and passengers. The engine is covered by a cowling, or in some airplanes, surrounded by a nacelle. Its purpose is to streamline the flow of air around the engine and to help cool the engine by ducting air around the cylinders. The propeller on the front of the engine converts the rotating force of the engine into forward acting force called thrust that helps move the airplane through the air. 4. Landing gear: Every matter has its base on which it stands. The principle support of the airplane when parked, taxiing, taking off, or when landing is its landing gear. The most common type of landing gear consists of wheels, but airplanes can also be equipped with floats for water operations, or skis for landing on snow. The landing gear consists of three wheels two main wheels-tail wheels and a third wheel positioned either at the front or rear of the airplane-nose wheel, the design is referred to as a tricycle gear A steerable nose wheel or tail wheel permits the airplane to be controlled throughout all operations while on the ground.    5. Fuselage Fuselage is aircrafts main body and covers the majority of the airplane, it holds all other pieces of the aircraft together and other large components are attached to it. The fuselage is generally streamlined to reduce drag. Designs for fuselages vary widely. The fuselage houses the cockpit where the pilot and flight crew sit and it provides areas for passengers and cargo. Some aircraft carry fuel in the fuselage; others carry the fuel in the wings. 5.1. Types of Fuselage Structures: Truss Structure Geodesic construction Monocoque Shell Semi-monocoque 5.5.1. Truss Structure: This kind of structure is used in lightweight aircraft using welded steel tube trusses. A box truss fuselage structure can also be built out of wood-covered with plywood. 5.1.2. Geodesic construction: Geodesic structural elements used by during the wars, World War II, to form the whole of the fuselage, including its shape. In this multiple flat strip stringers are wound about the formers in opposite spiral directions, giving a basket-like appearance. This proved to be light, strong, and rigid and had the advantage of being made almost entirely of wood. Its redundant structure can survive localized damage without catastrophic failure. 5.1.3. Monocoque Shell In this method, the exterior surface of the fuselage is also the primary structure. A typical early form of this built using moulded plywood, where the layers of plywood are formed over a plug or within a mould. A later form of this structure uses fibreglass cloth impregnated with polyester or epoxy resin, instead of plywood, as the skin. A simple form of this used in some amateur-built aircraft uses rigid expanded foam plastic as the core, with a fibreglass covering, eliminating the necessity of fabricating moulds, but requiring more effort in finishing. An example of a larger moulded plywood aircraft is the de Havilland Mosquito fighter/light bomber of World War II. No plywood-skin fuselage is truly monocoque, since stiffening elements are incorporated into the structure to carry concentrated loads that would otherwise buckle the thin skin. The use of moulded fibreglass using negative (female) moulds (which give a nearly finished product) is prevalent in the series production of ma ny modern sailplanes. 5.1.4. Semi-monocoque. This is the preferred method of constructing an all-aluminium fuselage. First, a series of frames in the shape of the fuselage cross sections are held in position on a rigid fixture, or jig. These frames are then joined with lightweight longitudinal elements called stringers. These are in turn covered with a skin of sheet aluminium, attached by riveting or by bonding with special adhesives. The fixture is then disassembled and removed from the completed fuselage shell, which is then fitted out with wiring, controls, and interior equipment such as seats and luggage bins. Most modern large aircraft are built using this technique, but use several large sections constructed in this fashion which are then joined with fasteners to form the complete fuselage. As the accuracy of the final product is determined largely by the costly fixture, this form is suitable for series production, where a large number of identical aircraft are to be produced. Both monocoque and semi-monocoque are referred to as stressed skin structures as all or a portion of the external load (i.e. from wings and empennage, and from discrete masses such as the engine) is taken by the surface covering. In addition, the entire load from internal pressurization is carried (as skin tension) by the external skin. As stated above we are now familiar with the prime components of an airplane. Now let us get into detail, and understand the components such as the bulkhead, Frames, Ribs, Spars, Stringers (Longerons), and Skins. 5.2. BULKHEADS 5.2.1. Definition: A bulkhead is the physical partition that divides a plane or a fuselage into different classes or sections. Typically, a bulkhead is a wall but can also be a curtain or screen. In addition to separating classes from one another, i.e. business and economy, bulkheads can be found throughout the plane, separating the seats from the galley and lavatory areas. Bulkheads also contribute to the structural stability and rigidity of a craft. 5.2.2. Uses: 5.2.3. Loads: 5.2.4. Materials: 5.3. FRAMES 5.3.1. Definition: The airframe provides the structure to which all other components are attached. Airframes may be welded tube, sheet metal, composite, or simply tubes bolted together. A combination of construction methods may also be employed. The airframes with the greatest strength-to-weight ratios are a carbon fibre material or the welded tube structure, which has been in use for a number of years. 5.3.2. Uses: 5.3.3. Loads: 5.3.4. Materials: Material Selection Material Usage Advantages Disadvantages High strength unidirectional graphite/epoxy Spar caps High strength, low weight High cost, low impact resistance, difficult to manufacture High modulus  ±45 ° graphite/epoxy Skin (w/foam core), Shear web, Wing ribs High strength, low weight, low surface roughness, stealth characteristics High cost, low impact resistance, difficult to manufacture Aluminum 7075-T6 Bulkheads, Longerons Low cost, ease of manufacture, good sturctural efficiency Low strength, not weldable Stainless steel (AM-350) Landing gear Relatively low cost, high strength, corrosion resistance High weight Nickel (Hastelloy B) Nozzles and ducting Temperature resistance Low structural resistance Kevlar Internal armor High strength, low weight, high impact resistance High cost, difficult to manufacture

Reflective Essay on Fiction Writing :: Teaching Writing Education Essays

Reflective Essay on Fiction Writing I’ll be honest. I was worried about writing fiction up until I realized that fiction is just nonfiction exaggerated, nonfiction with a wider allowance for artistic merit, and nonfiction with the gaps filled in. And fiction doesn’t have to be as imaginative, in a fantasy sense, as I had thought. It’s still very real, or at least mine is. For the nonfiction essay, I wrote a string of memories, anything I could think of and that I could potentially expand upon in a longer piece, and I did this early on. For this fiction essay, I am doing something similar; I made a list of character types and wrote some sketches of ‘characters’ I’ve come across in my own life. I used one of these character types for my extraordinary scene, and then sought help from the king of making the ordinary extraordinary, William Carlos Williams, to fix the character in a scene. Using the character type worked for me this time because I was merely observing her; there was some distance, and I didn’t have to get inside her head so much. In general, though, I find that I shy away from the character types, at least for our assignments, because they require a lot of work on my part, and I didn’t have enough time to get to know them well enough to do them justice in a story. So I stuck to the characters I knew more ab out. For my short fiction, I worked off the framework of a story that I knew happened. But my knowledge of the event was very limited (it could be told in one sentence), so I filled in the gaps and made it fiction by telling my version of what might have happened. For the longer fiction, I worked off of something that one of my real life ‘characters’ said jokingly, but I built a fictional story around it being said in all seriousness. Overall, I’m happy with my extraordinary scene. I like the picture I created. It’s satisfying. I like it on its own, but I also wonder what more I could do with it. I think I could work with her character, maybe bring her up against some trouble. We discussed this in conference, but I really think that I should think up some trouble for my characters. I think I have developed and even embodied my characters well, but my stories don’t push any limits because they lack tension and urgency.

Nursing Essay

Introduction It is typically impossible to satisfactorily talk about a health facility without a thought of doctors and or nurses being a part of it. Even though these are two different personalities in terms of what their duties are, they all function towards a common good of restoring good health and therefore one can hardly function properly without the other. This piece is going to compare and contrast the nurse and a doctor in terms of their place in the health care system (roles, remuneration, social expectations and training). In terms of differences, the training that nurses receive enable them to function as general health practitioners who execute their functions to any population suffering from various forms of diseases like cancers, Communicable diseases or even HIV/AIDS. The doctors on the other hand are always trained in specific lines like pediatric, Gaenacology, Orthopedic, Optical medicine or general Surgery among others. In terms of training, it is always expected that nurses undergo a four year training during which the nurse is expected to have gone to the hospital set up and train on how to execute their expected roles. After the completion of this, one can easily qualify to work as a Registered Nurse so long as he/she passes this section as expected. This is quite the contrary with the training of doctors. While they are also supposed to undertake a clinical at the hospital set up during their first years of training, they normally have to apply and be admitted to a medical school after the first graduation (Prince, 2010). During this time it is expected that the doctor shall have gained more experience after graduating. This latter face is where the doctor is now expected to memorize the diseases, their prognosis, diagnosis and etiology among other factors in  detail. In most cases, the doctor normally takes most of his time giving opinion on what needs to be done and the diagnosis while the nurse mostly does what the doctor has said should be done. It is common to find that a nurse enjoys a very close relationship with patients than doctors who most of the time try to detach themselves. There is also a slight difference in times of the job demands where doctors always have to read a lot of books do research and compare notes with other practitioners as a way of offering updated care. The nurses on the other hand rely more on their experience since most of the works are routines. This is even explained by the various guidelines used across the nursing profession except for parts that have to be altered simply for purposes of cultural differences. Finally, it is also common knowledge that doctors are better than nurses in terms of remunerations. For instance, while it is expected that a registered Nurse will earn an average of about $57, 000 per an num, a registered doctor earns between $ 160, 000 – $ 240, 000 per annum (Coyle, 2011). Both the doctors and nurses also have certain common functions. It is for instance expected that both the registered nurse and registered doctors for instance have the responsibility to supervise all the juniors that work under them. Both doctors and nurses equally have the opportunity to work in various avenues including medical schools, private and even public hospitals. It is also important to note that both the nurse and the doctor are part of a common goal to restore good health in the sick population (Floyd, 2009). Without the doctor diagnosing, the nurse will not know the medications or medical interventions to undertake on a patient. The doctor on the other hand would not achieve his/her mission without the parts performed by the nurse. In conclusion, doctors and nurses are medical personnel that have interrelated work where one cannot function properly without the other especially in a large clinic set up. While they both work for a common goal, they have different responsibilities; something that makes them to seek different information. References Coyle, D.G. (2011). The complicated role of the doctor in the health setup. New York: Rutledge. Floyd, Alexander. (2009). Doctors and Nurses in the clinic setup. Chicago; Riverside Prince, Kyle. (2010). Health practitioners; the challenges and roles at the work place. London: Prentice hall

Focault analysis essays

Focault analysis essays The Manufacturing of an American Soldier: An Examination of the Indoctrination Process During the Gulf War at Fort Knox, Kentucky "As a soldier, you have accepted a solemn obligation to defend the ideals of freedom, justice, truth, and equality as found in The Declaration of Independence and the United States Constitution. Whether you are serving a single term or making a career of the military, your actions should never be contrary to the ideals and principles upon which this nation was founded." - Department of the Army, Soldier's Handbook (62) In February of 1991, Bravo Troop of the 5/15 Cavalry stationed at Fort Knox, Kentucky Training Facility performed a ritualized, ceremonial examination of its new recruits. The recruits arose at four a.m. and marched till eight to arrive at a small, secluded building surrounded by forest. The recruits stood in a single-file line facing the entrance of the building, eyes forward, feet shoulder width apart, hands folded in the small of their back. Approximately one hundred and twenty recruits stood peering through the lenses of their protective masks, watching fifteen soldiers enter the building. Once inside the building, the fifteen recruits stood at attention, fingers curled, thumb locked on second knuckle of the index finger, hands placed at their sides, heels together, feet splayed at a forty-five degree angle, stomach in, chin-up, eyes forward, in three lines, five recruits deep, facing the Drill Instructor. The room was filled with thick, white smoke. The only light ca me from a small fire burning on the cement floor at the drill instructor's feet. Beside the fire was a metal, olive-green container labeled in black, block lettering the read, "Solid CS Agent." The Drill instructed the recruits, still standing at attention, to remove their protective masks, which they did with little hesitation. Exposure to such high concentrations of CS gas produces a violent, bodi...

Marxism And Economic Theory Essays - Economic Ideologies, Socialism

Marxism And Economic Theory Essays - Economic Ideologies, Socialism Marxism and Economic Theory Human relationships have always been dynamic. Change and adaptability have gone hand in hand with the passage of time for human society. Systems have been developed to regulate, direct and control the resources of this society. The systems are referred to as governments and the resources as the populace or inhabitants and forces of production. A government must be dynamic in its nature reflecting the change in society. At times these systems have resisted the necessity to adapt with its components (Society) creating a deficit between the system and those it regulates. As the deficits develop, they cause instability, and could lead to revolution.1 Theories have been developed to explain the systemic phenomenon called revolution. This paper will discuss three modern theories and apply them to the English revolution of 1640. The first theory, developed by Carl Marx (Marxism), will address the economic evolution in English society. This theory will emphasize and explain how the shift from a feudal/mercantile system to capitalism affected English society. The second, called the Resource Mobilization Theory (RMT) developed by Charles Tilly, will explain how the English organizations (the Crown and the Parliament) effectively obtained, amassed and managed resources. Samuel Huntington's, "Institutional Theory", will argue that the existing government at that time was unable to incorporate the demands and personnel that the socio-economic changes created. Marxism was formulated in the 19th century. Carl Marx and his associate Frederick Engels observed the socio-economic changes that were transpiring in Britain. England was the dominant world power and had the largest industrialized economy during the 1800's. The development of the factory and the institution of the assembly line created a large demand for workers. This demand was satiated by migrating peasant from the rural areas in England and Ireland to developing urban centers. As these urban centers or cities evolved using industry as the economic backbone for the population, a large number of factory workers were accumulated to operate the machinery in horrid conditions. These workers, which would be termed as the peasantry under a feudal system, were now the working class or proletariat. They entered cities with hopes of bettering their lives and survival. Though revolution never took place in England during this period, it allowed Marx to study industrialization, urbanization and imperialism. The theory of Marxism has three basic concepts: historic materialism, forces of production and relations of production. Historic materialism is defined as a society's past performance and present capabilities of satisfying the basic means of life. Humankind's basic needs of eating, drinking and shelter need to be met properly. The forces of production (technology, capital, the infrastructure of society, etc.) are important for the simple fact of who ever controls them controls the society. The last aspect of Marxism, the relations of production, deals directly with the relationships between classes of people (the aristocracy, the middle-class and the working class).2 Marxism includes a predictive analysis of socio-economic structures. Using history, logic and the dynamic nature of humankind as guidelines, Carl Marx attempts to map out a sequence of events which will eventually lead to utopia (anarchy). In his work, Das Capital, Marx details the six steps. These steps are primitive socialism, feudalism, capitalism, socialism, communism and then anarchy. The evolution of the English economic system during the 16th and 17th centuries points to a shift from feudalism to capitalism. This shift is exemplified by the enclosures. The landlords began to fence their property in the common land areas. The "commons" were large plots of grazing and farmable lands that were used by both farmers and artisans. When the land-owners and manorial lords began to partition these lands the concept of private ownership of property was introduced to the socio-economic system.3 During the time period of the 16th and 17th centuries the crown's economic base began a gradual decline. This economic shrinkage came to a spearhead during the reign of Charles I. The monarchy favored a monopoly market system over a competitive one. The purpose for this position was for taxation and control of the profits. As the artisan and merchant populations increased, the policy of the crown began conflicting with economic growth. This created instability in three areas. First, the English

Depression and Care for the Elderly Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Depression and Care for the Elderly - Essay Example It is possible to have depression rated as higher because of the similarity of some of the symptoms between depression and dementia. Geriatric psychiatric studies have shown a relationship between prefrontal cortex function and successful treatment of geriatric depression1. Geriatric patients who had a positive result during depression screening were studied to determine the pharmacological impact on their recovery. 110 depressed geriatric patients (over age 60) were treated with medication after an assessment that tested the pre-frontal cortex function (to establish a baseline). After three months the study group was reevaluated and a correlation between higher pre-frontal cortex function and depression remission levels was made2. The study showed that depression in the elderly can be diagnosed and successfully treated. The study also showed a relationship between prefrontal cortex function and depression and may indicate a secondary way to identify depression in the elderly (especi ally non-verbal patients). Detecting depression in the elderly is no easy task because of the reluctance to self-report. In addition to the standard characteristics of depression (ie. insomnia, sadness, and loss of self worth), elderly patients may show signs of over concern about bodily aches and pains. Some symptoms of old age (loss of appetite and weight loss) are also symptoms of depression. Obviously, if one is diagnosed with depression and the treatment (medications and/or talk therapy) works, that would confirm the diagnosis. Appendix A contains a typical screening for depression in the elderly. Elderly that suffer from depression often don't take good care of themselves. As their self-care drops so does their compliance level when it comes to medication and diet. This group reports as having a higher incidence of suicide and suicidal ideation than the general population. Studies have shown that suicides in the elderly often use highly lethal methods and are successful more often than in the general population3. This same study found that 20% of elderly patients that committed suicide had seen their health care provider within the 24 hours prior to the suicide, 41% within a week, 75% within one month. This indicates that geriatric practitioners should screen for depression and suicidal ideation at each patient visit rather than a random screen or no screen at all. There is a higher incidence of depression among elderly that are caring for an elderly spouse4. These caregivers often feel older than their age. "Caregivers for impaired spouses experience a kind of distress that isn't easily measured," Kiecolt-Glaser says5. The caregiver's in the study died at a higher rate than other seniors who were not caregivers. These caregivers would benefit from a screening program targeting those who provide ongoing care to their spouse. Teaching and learning strategies need to be in place to deal with depression in the elderly. Both the elderly and their caretakers need to be informed about the causes and symptoms of depression and how to get appropriate care. They also need to understand that they need not feel stigmatized by the diagnosis. Once depression is diagnosed, treatment and education should begin. Because depression lasts longer in the elderly and can hasten death from an existing illness, treatment needs to begin as soon

Coca Cola Code of Business Ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Coca Cola Code of Business Ethics - Essay Example This also reveals that the ethical system used by the company is based on duty, where all the stakeholders held by the code of ethics are expected to follow a specific duty. The company is guided by the Coca Cola code of business conduct, which is a set of, laid down rules for the administration of ethical and compliance matters (Coca Cola, 2011). An analysis of the Coca Cola COBC (the code) will reveal that it is applied in all levels of the company’s operations, and there is a framework for its administration. This analysis will focus on the administration of the code both within and outside the company by the employees, managers, and all other stakeholders covered by the code. This covers three main areas, integrity in operations around the world, integrity of service within the company, and integrity of service to other people (Coca Cola, 2011). The internal mechanisms for the code revolve around the expectations from the employees and managers, while the second section re volves around actions around the company. This includes actions that deal with financial matters information within the company, and the utilization of company assets. ... Coca Cola states that all employees in the company must always act with integrity, since it is one of the cornerstones of the companies operations (Coca Cola, 2011). The ethical standards set by Coca Cola indicates that all employees must act in accordance with the law and the code, and in case of any actions, the employees must always ask themselves if the action will break these two tenets. The employees are also advised to ask for guidance in case they doubt the ramifications of any of their actions. The managers of the company are also guided by the code, where the main factor is that they should promote a culture of ethics and compliance (Coca Cola, 2011). This means that the managers should always display appropriate conduct, and help their subordinates as much as they possibly can. The managers should ensure that the code is followed by all employees, which includes giving their help when needed. This is in addition to creating a conducive working environment for their employe es, and always preventing the violation of the code by any employees. The code also dictates that any actions that deem the provision of written approval should be handled by the local ethical officers present in all workplaces. The ethical conduct code promoted by the company is also focused on creating an ethical framework within the company itself, and from an analysis of the code, it is evident that this is settled. The COBC focuses on three parts in their code, dealing with company records, dealing with assets, and the use of available information (Coca Cola, 2011). The ethical code utilized by Coca Cola indicates that all stakeholders should always ensure that company records are accurate, which includes all financial information, quality reports, and all other records used by the

Describe The Future of Employee Training and Development Essay

Describe The Future of Employee Training and Development - Essay Example Investing in the employees is considered to be the best investment on the part of the modern organizations. The increasing levels of competition and sustainability issues in the business environments have created a pressing need for companies to manage their assets well. The human resources in an organization are the most valuable resources. Investing in the human resources is seen as a profitable investment with massive returns in terms of organizational improvement, value creation and competitive advantage creation. Learning is a process by which the employees gather information and use this information in their daily job roles. This often leads to the overall development of the employees in terms of skills and knowledge. Many businesses are focusing on developing talent pools within the organizations to ensure efficiency and competitive advantage of their businesses. The future trends of employee learning and development are expected to be innovative and dramatically different from the conventional ways of training and development. One of the main trends expected to play a dominant role in the future of employee learning and development is that learning will assume a central role and evolve beyond mere training and development practices. In the present situation, training is seen as a main medium of imparting knowledge to the employees with the training instructor playing an influential role as the center of all information. This involves a traditional classroom setting. However, it is expected that in the future, the role of the employees would be more established in the training settings with the employees emerging as the seekers of information and knowledge (Wilson, 2005). The focus would be on the employees trying to tap in various resources to satisfy their learning and development needs. The employee training processes are likely to become blended in the future which will

Should College Athletes Be Paid Essay Example for Free

Should College Athletes Be Paid Essay It has been a debate for quite some time as to whether college athletes should be paid for their work on the field. They are some of the hardest working individuals that obtain intense practices and demanding college courses, and many believe that they should be rewarded for their hard work. But the ongoing debate is whether it is right to pay these players as if they were employees. Many major colleges provide the best services for their athletes by providing them with the greatest gyms to workout in, free health insurance for injuries, transportation, food, equipment, and most of the time, a full four-year scholarship. On top of all of these things that are provided, does it seem right to be paying these students as well? Determination and motivation for greatness during college should be enough; therefore, I don’t think that college athletes should be paid. One reason why student athletes should not be paid is the fact that the college experience should be payment enough. In the article, â€Å"College Athletes Should Not Be Paid† found in the book Sports and Athletes, the author talks about â€Å"the primary function of academic institutions is to educate, and not to hire student-athletes for their contributions on the basketball court or football field† (Meshefejian 99). When high school athletes are approached for their profound athletic abilities, they often choose the university that will open the door for them to pursue a professional career rather than what will provide them with an exceptional education. Meshefejian makes the following statement to prove why students should not be paid for their athletic abilities: These players may have chosen a school due to the amount of scholarship money they were receiving, but scholarship money is usually not enough to overwhelm other considerations . . . Paying student-athletes any more than a scholarship would put such considerations in jeopardy, resulting in student’s making decisions based on how much money they are offered, as opposed to making decisions based on where they will succeed in all aspects of college life. The college experience, a student-athlete’s educational experience should be about more than just dollars and cents. (99) In an article entitled, â€Å"Should College Athletes Be Paid?†, Allen Sack states, â€Å"During the past four years, the NCAA has crafted a payment system that provides a relatively cheap and steady supply of blue-chip athletes . . . the majority of those polled identify themselves more as athletes than as students† (2). Mark Murphy, Director of Athletics at Northwestern Univeristy, participated in the debate on ESPN on the topic of paying student –athletes, and he argues that some of these athletes â€Å"currently receive scholarships, whose value, in some instances, totals close to $200,000 over four years† (Meshefejian 17). That is a large amount of money, and they still want to be given more? So now we ask, â€Å"Where will the money to pay these athletes come from?†. In Rodney D. Fort’s article titled â€Å"Paying College Athletes Makes Economic Sense†, he states that â€Å"Universities allow athletic departments to keep all excess revenues on an updated basis during any given budget period. Thus, a department whose costs do not rise over budgeted amounts, but whose revenues are higher than expected, will appear to break even because they are allowed to spend the excess. So there can be plenty of revenue to be arranged† (Fort 11). Players also generate marginal revenue product (MRP), and that is then spent elsewhere in the department rather than on the players themselves. So, the money is there, but I think it’s a terrible idea to give them the money that they’ve accrued because the athletic department does need money to be able to upgrade equipment if needed, or be spent elsewhere within the athletic department. According to Robert and Amy McCormick, two law professors at Michigan State University, they believe that a college sport is definitely a job, and that these athletes need to be paid. They argue that the athletes are â€Å"employees† under federal labor laws and entitled to form unions and negotiate wages, hours and working conditions (Cooper 1). But Donald Remy, the NCAA’s general counsel and vice president for legal affairs states: The NCAA, in accordance with courts that have addressed the issue, believes that student-athletes are not employees, under the law, and that they should not be treated as employees either by the law of by the schools they attend . . . Moreover, taxing authorities do not consider the benefits student athletes receive to be taxable compensation (Cooper 2). The one thing that comes to my mind when I think of paying college athletes is gender equality. Would the female athletes be paid the same as the male athletes? Some male athletes may believe that they deserve more because they may think that they work harder and take more of a beating than the female athletes. But Title IX federal regulations would cut off federal funding of colleges if those colleges discriminate on the basis of sex (Meshefejian 97). Another reason why student athletes should not be paid is because it would create a monetary race to buy the best athletes in the country. There may be a chance that it would eliminate â€Å"under the table† activities, but I believe that schools would still manage to find other ways of getting the players that they want on their team. College sports wouldn’t even be exciting anymore because the schools that have acquired the most money would end up buying the best athletes in the country, and all of the greatest athletes would go to the same teams, making sporting events unfair and not equally proportioned. Meshefejian says it best when he says, â€Å"The more the disparity, the less the competition, and the less the competition, the less excitement† (98). Paying the players would be the end of college athletics as we know it.

The Articles of Confederation :: American America History

The Articles of Confederation During the Revolutionary period, the United States and Britain had many conflicts. Between 1763-1776, there were issues among these two countries. Between 1780-1789, there were issues about the federal government and the states under the Articles of Confederation. Two of these issues happened to be the foreign affairs between Britain and the United States, and the economy of the federal government. Subsequently following the French and Indian War, which happened to be where the British fought for the American colonies, Britain was in great need to pay its debts. Holding the war against the colonies, Britain decided to tax the colonies to pay for their large debt. Not being treated as members of the British Empire, the colonists were angered at the thought of being a source for Britain?s revenue. Acting in protest to what the colonies considered to be unjust laws, the colonists resisted attempts to be taxed, claiming as long as they weren?t allowed fair representation in the English Parliament, they would not pay. In 1650, a series of laws called the Navigation Acts were issued for the American colonies; although they did not come into full effect until after the French and Indian War. These laws prohibited the trade of certain items, which made it difficult for merchants who relied on French, Spanish, and other foreign countries for business. These restrictions angered the merchants, seeing as they were not allowed to make specific products in the colonies any longer, Heavy tariffs made trade nearly impossible and led the colonists to believe Britain was purposely doing this to hurt the economy of the colonists. England enacted laws to create trouble with trade between the colonies and other countries. In 1764, the Sugar Act was issued; this law taxed sugar, textiles, and other goods. One year following this the Stamp Act was put into effect, taxing all legal documents, newspapers, and playing cards. Shortly after, the Townshend Acts came into place, taxing lead, glass, iron, and manufactured goods within the colonies. The colonists became infuriated at these new laws stating they were too heavy and were levied without their direct consent. Britain thought it only necessary to place troops in America for the safety and protection of their colonies. They thought since they were doing such a great favor for the colonies, that it was only fair, and that the colonists would not mind providing the supplies needed to tend and care for the troops sent there.

Report on Classroom Observation Essay

Introduction Internship teaching is the culminating experience of the first degree program in education. It provides the opportunity to apply theoretical knowledge on pedagogies in the actual classroom setting and gain the experience. The internees are exposed to an environment where they encounter learners for the first time and face them with multitude of ideas, approaches, techniques and processes. During the internship period I got ample opportunities to demonstrate the art of teaching in actual situation and participate in all activities at the school level. The duration of internship was one semester. I tried to perform the assigned responsibilities in Azimpur Girl’s School and College under the direct management and control of the heads of respective school and under the supervision of two subject-supervisors and a school co-coordinator, assigned by Institute of Education and Research, University of Dhaka. Aim Teaching is in the center regarding all educational issues. So as a student of Institute of Education and Research, we should have an experience in teaching at the field level. Before starting teaching face to face it helps a practice teacher to acquaint themselves with the process, method of teaching if they observe a class of a certain level before entering in a class as a teacher. I have observed 3 science classes of grade 8. I have analyzed those classes and gave a brief description of one of the classes below. Azimpur Girl’s School and College Class: 8Sec: B Time: 11. 45-12. 25 Date: 29. 08. 05 Period: 2nd About the lesson The class was on physical science on â€Å"Work, Power and Energy†. The lesson contains discussion about the following topics: 1) Work and the mathematical expression of work 2) Different types of work 3) Power Description I had to observe the physical science class of Md. Shamsul Alam sir. I was waiting in front of his classroom. When he came I asked him politely if he could give me the permission to observe his class. He told me to sit in the class. When the teacher entered the class all the students’ stood up and when he told them to sit, they took their sits. At first he declared the lesson. Then he started his lecture by relating the lesson with practical experiences. Then he showed the mathematical expression in the black board. He explained the different types of work and to do so he dropped the duster from his hand and so also took a book higher from the desk. Now he told that if any student is more curious to know more about this he could go through the text book of higher secondary level, but this is adequate to write down in the exam paper. Then he asked the class â€Å"what is power? † one of the students answered. He agreed with him. Then he discussed on the unit of power. After that, he discussed with the students on energy, its unit and different forms of energy. He sometimes asked some examples and the students’ participated. While continuing the class he also told students to co operator with me. He left the class before the due time to let me introduce myself in the class. I talked with the class about their class times, syllabus, hobbies etc. when the bell rang for the next class, I left the room. Main features of the lesson observed: A. Physical facilities: †¢ Location of the class: The class is in the middle of the 2nd floor in the main school building. †¢ Shape of the class: The shape of the class room is almost square. †¢ Doors and windows: All the windows are in the right side of the class and the only door is in the left side of the room. The door is not very much spacious. †¢ Students’ bench and table: Every 23 students sit in a bench. The bench and the writing table are joined together. There is a long wooden string in every two sides of bench. There are columns and every column has rows with only one bench. There are 4 columns and 5 rows of benches in the classroom. The benches are not that much congested. Students have space to easily move. †¢ Blackboard: The blackboard is put in the wall of the class. It is not portable but fixed. It is not in the middle of the front wall. So all of the students cannot see easily what is written in the board. †¢ Lighting and ventilation: The natural lighting is not quite adequate for the class. The cross ventilation is not available in the classroom. †¢ Provision of artificial lighting and ventilation: There are 4 electric fans and lights in the class. But this is not quite adequate for the room. As there is no generator in the school and power failure being a common problem, sometimes students face problems as they suffer from the hot summer and cannot concentrate to their lessons. There is another problem of the artificial lighting as it is reflected in the blackboard and the front right side of the class cannot see the right corner of the board. †¢ Teachers table and chair: The wooden chair and table are in the front side of the class. The table is spacious but its drawers are hardly movable. The chair is quite ok as we should use in not for a long time to sit there while teaching. †¢ Color of the class: The colors of the walls are white but fade. It should be brighter. †¢ Other furniture: There are no other furniture except the above mentioned desk and benches for the students and the chair and table. B. Evaluation of the teacher’s proficiency: †¢ Dress up: His dress up was suitable for the class. †¢ Teaching method: His teaching method is good. When he was working out the problems, he asked the students for its possible solution. It shows that he applied the participatory approach. Sometimes he feels the need for recalling. So he asked the students to write down the important notes. He relates his lessen with real life. He told the students about he group of problems which had an equivalent solution and then worked out one or two from that group of problems. †¢ Teaching materials: He used no other teaching material except the black board. †¢ Learning environment: He learning environment was come and quite which was obvious for science lesson. But the environment was not fear free because of his way of punishment. †¢ Use of teaching materials: Except the blackboard he did not use any other teaching material. †¢ Use of black board: He used the blackboard neatly. His writings were legible and could be seen from even the last bench. He also did not stand parallel to the board making the students facing his back, but stand making angle with the board. But he did not look at the students while writing on the chalk board and the students took the advantage for side talking. Before going out of the class he wiped the board. †¢ Students’ involvement and participation: Students’ involvement and participation is not very high. Moreover most of the participants the conventional good students. †¢ Classroom questioning: After finishing a problem, he encouraged classroom questioning. But to arouse interest he did not asked any question to the students. †¢ Punishment and reward: His quantity of rewards was less than the quantity of punishment. Moreover his way of punishment did not suit to the child psychology. †¢ Classroom control: His classroom controlling power is really strong. No student disturbed in the class while he gave his lesson. Only few students talked in the class while he was using the blackboard. He used a nice technique while calling the rolls. †¢ Teacher student relationship: Teacher student relationship is not friendly, but grim. He maintained a big distance with them. Students were afraid of him. The teacher was caring but not frank. †¢ Way of expressing: He explained the steps of the solution clearly to the students with agile expression. †¢ Expertise in his particular lesson: He had a good expertise on his subject. He can answer the students’ questions proving his sagacity and he had other knowledge related to his subject beyond the text book. †¢ Beginning of the lesson: He didn’t make any specific motivation for the lesson. But his starting was quite good. †¢ Class work observation: He observed the given class by walking and watching the activities of the students entering the passages between the columns. He also gave individual feed back to some students. He did not collect the class work copies from the students. †¢ Home work: He gave homework at the end of the class and at the beginning of the class collected the homework copies. He corrected every copy and gave back the copies that day. But he did not give any feedback according to homework. †¢ Wittiness: Hardly ever he created suitable funny situation in the class making the students laugh. But obviously it is related to the lesson. He used some different words in the class, like he said that if anyone feels any pain in his mind meaning that if they had understood the topic. †¢ Voice and tone: His voice is suitable for the class. It can be heard from the last bench. The changing tone of his voice creates some special situations or attention in the class which is something urgent. †¢ Confidence: His face, behavior, talking shows that he is confident, confident about his expertise and controlling power. It is proved from the situation when students ask him questions and he answered in a very smart way. †¢ Punctuality: He was punctual. He started the class at the right time and finished before 5 minutes for me to introduce myself to the class. †¢ Discipline: The students were disciplined through out his class time. †¢ Cleanliness: He maintains cleanliness in every step. C. Strengths of the teacher: †¢ Good controlling power over the class. †¢ Appropriate voice and flexible tone †¢ Tries to relate the lesson to everyday life. †¢ Maintains the rules of using black board. †¢ Asks the students about the possible way of solving problems to enhance student participation. †¢ Punctual. †¢ He can clarify the salvation of a problem clearly. D. Weakness of the teacher: †¢ Does not give attention to classroom participation and student involvement. †¢ Does not give much emphasis on girls. †¢ Cannot crate a friendly, fear free classroom situation. †¢ Emphasizes on negative reinforcement rather than positive reinforcement. †¢ Bad way of punishment and scolding. †¢ Does not use any other teaching material but the blackboard. †¢ Does not make a specific and effective motivation towards a specific lesson. †¢ He didn’t check the class work copies. E. Possible ways of improving the lesson: †¢ He could use a poster with the necessary algebraic formulas, in this lesson. That poster could hang on one corner of the black board thus the students could remind the formulas in a friendly and effective way. †¢ To be confirmed about the students’ class performance the class work copy of every student can be collected and corrected. And basing on it the teacher can keep a record by grading them about their class work copies. †¢ He could do something at the beginning of the lesson to motivate the students. †¢ If he could check the class work copies of all the students it would help the students to do his class works more sincerely. Conclusion This class observation helped me a lot to improve myself in teaching and learning. In this sense I will ever greatful to the administration of Azimpur School and College for giving me the unique opportunity. Tamanna Kalim Material Developer BRAC Education Programme Bangladesh.