The presentation of Silas Marner in chapter 1+2, and comment on settings and any themes Essay Example

The presentation of Silas Marner in chapter 1+2, and comment on settings and any themes Paper George Eliot, which is the pseudonym of Mary Ann Evans, was a prolific writer during the 19th century and could also translate German and was interested in philosophy. The book, Silas Marner, was written at a time of great demographic change and during the industrial revolution in 1861. In the book she uses many different and superlative techniques, such as breaking up the story between passages of moralising and narrative, to convey to the reader, the settings and details of Silas Marners journey The Story is set mainly in Raveloe, although it also describes Lantern Yard when we learn about Silass past. Raveloe is a rural community, which may have a biological link to Eliots home, the Arbury estate in Warwickshire, full of rich people, some of whom didnt even need to be good farmers to earn their living with surplus left over. The village held a nostalgic view of life and were bewildered by the concept of Silass profession, weaving. They were confused by how thread was made into clothing and were suspicious of the newcomer, Silas, Because of this they thought he was in league with the devil. We will write a custom essay sample on The presentation of Silas Marner in chapter 1+2, and comment on settings and any themes specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The presentation of Silas Marner in chapter 1+2, and comment on settings and any themes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The presentation of Silas Marner in chapter 1+2, and comment on settings and any themes specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer However, the other environment depicted is Lantern Yard, which was Silass home town before he was expelled. Lantern Yard is a poor artisan community and even the name suggests that is a place which is dark where no one goes. However the inhabitants are all close friends and all gather together for the church services. In chapter 1we learn that Silas is pallid, because he doesnt much, and short sighted , the result of day-to-day weaving. His most distinctive feature are his eyes, which are bulging, making people afraid because they thought he had the evil eye, this evil eye makes him seem alienated to us. However his eyes also described as eyes which have a deer like gaze which portrays to us, his innocence and that he is vulnerable about herbs, which makes people think he is practising witchcraft, but is also very san and honest, because of the way he doesnt take advantage of the fact that the citizens of lantern yard think he has risen from the dead In Chapter 1 we also learn about Silass catalepsy, first discovered by Jem Rodney, who is a mole catcher, which leaves him in a state of temporary suspension of physical and psychological . His catalepsy plays an important role in the book because whebn he was still in Lantern Yard, the villages thought he had come back from the dead and treated him like a celebrity afterwards, but catalepsy then allows William Dane to steal the deacons money. However, in Raveloe they thought his soul had left his body to trained by the devil,w hich makes the villages suspicious of him even more. Lantern Yard meant a lot to Silas as it was the framework of his life and supplied him with attendance of church service and a social circle, which is lost when he settles at Raveloe. Back at Lantern Yard when he was morally scrupulous and didnt take advantages of tempting situations. Part of Silass social circle was William Dane, who was his best friend, but we soon learn to be cautious of him when Eliot describes him to be dazzled by his own light, which would have been recognized by the Victorian audience as a reference to Lucifer, but also of the fact that he had narrow slanting eyes and compressed lips. When William Dane had stolen the deacons money, the members of the Lantern Yard sect blamed it on Silas, because of Silass catalepsy, he suffered the full consequences of the incident and was expelled. By being expelled from the sect he lost the very framework and foundation of his life and also lost his friends and fiance. This whole tragic experience left Silas without religion as well, as he calls God the God of lies. After we discver about the escapade at Lantern Yard ,we learn the reason why Silas chooses to settle in Raveloe. He chose Raveloe because it was nothing like Lantern Yard in terms of community and landscape, this helped him to forget about the painful experiences of Lantern Yard and in Raveloe he believed that he had escaped the god of lies who betrayed him. The location of Silas cottage is also very significant, because it is not far from the edge of a deserted stone-pit which serves as both a narrative and symbolic function. It is symbolic because the graveyard is barren and dead just like him because no one knows him. Towards the end of the chapter we learn about Silass affection towards the gold, which he has earned from all his weaving. The gold plays an important role in the story and it also means a lot to Silas because they are his surrogate friends would now. Gold also never loses its value which is important to Silas as this meant his friends wouldnt lose their worth like William Dane did. Eliot cleverly use natural imagery to describe Silass way of life and also his state of mind, she shows us with this imagery that Silass work are now his life and almost nothing meant more to him now.

British Prespective of the failure of the Albany Plan of Uni essays

British Prespective of the failure of the Albany Plan of Uni essays British officials and lawmakers today applauded the decision of the colonial assemblies to reject a colonial unity plan, the Albany plan of Union, of which they did not approve of. On a hot summer day in June of the year 1754 of our Lord, Benjamin Franklin, delegate to the colony of Pennsylvania and Massachusetts colony governor Thomas Hutchinson proposed and drafted a plan for uniting our thirteen colonies in North America, in the face of the coming war with France. Colonial delegates to the convention in Albany, New York accepted the plan and sent it to the colonial assemblies to approve, none of which did so, rightfully. Although, at first English officials had suggested a "union between ye Royal, Proprietary various reasons, as one senior British official put it. The plan called for the creation of new layers of government, including a president-general who would be appointed by the Crown and exercise broad powers over relationships with the Indians, making war and governing the frontier areas until new colonies were created. Also, a grand council was also to be created, in which members would be appointed by the existing colonial assemblies and whose representation would be determined by the amount of financial contribution (or taxes) paid to the organization. But ultimately the plan was rejected by all thirteen of the colonial assemblies and it would have been doubtful our Lord, King George III and royal officials in the colonies would have approved of such a preposterous consolidation of power in the American colonies. ...

Guerrilla marketing and advertising Dissertation

Guerrilla marketing and advertising - Dissertation Example erception of GM 4.2.3 Impact of GM on Consumers’ Intention to purchase 4.3.4 Impact of GM on Consumers’ Purchase Behaviour 4.3 Findings from the Interview of the Advertising Experts 4.3.1 Reasons for Using GM strategies 4.3.2 Some Examples of Successful GM Strategies 4.3.3 Success of GM for different types of Products 4.3.4 Strategies and Tactics that for Viral Marketing 4.3.5 Challenges of Using GM/VM 4.3.6 Advantages of Using GM/VM 4.3.7 Future Role and Trend for GM Chapter 5: Conclusions and Recommendations 5.1 Summary of Research Findings and Conclusions 5.2 Research Limitations and Scope for Future Research. List of Tables and Figures Table 1: Reasons for Using GM strategies Figure A: Diagrammatic Representation of the Research Methodology Figure 1: Customers’ Awareness of GM Figure 2: Consumers’ Perception of GM as Aggressive Figure 3: Consumers’ Perception of GM as Aggressive Figure 4: Consumers’ Perception of GM as Creating Insights a bout Their Needs Figure 5: Consumers’ Perception of GM as Creating Awareness about New Products Figure 6: GM as Creating Awareness of Non-Advertised Products Figure 7: GM as creating more choices for customers Figure 8: Impact of GM on Consumers’ Intention to purchase Figure 9: Impact of GM on Consumers’ Purchase Behaviour List of Appendices Appendix A: Survey Research Questionnaire Appendix B: Interview Research Questionnaire References Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Research Background and Overview While a large amount of literature exists on the various advantages of Guerrilla marketing and also on the strategies and tactics related to this type of marketing, there has been little research on gauging the impact it has. Organizations indulge in viral marketing strategies with the objective of creating awareness for... This essay "Guerrilla marketing and advertising" outlines and analyzes the effect of the GM and its perception by the customers and the problems and opportunities that advertisers have with GM strategies. Guerilla marketing It is non-conventional as it does not confine itself to the regular media or channels of advertising and it uses content strategies that may be more creative or even bizarre. Guerrilla marketing, as it name indicates, largely draws parallels from the Guerrilla warfare strategies. In the case of Guerrilla warfare, the means of war are not straightforward and people do not fight by rules of conventional warfare. The element of surprise is used heavily to conduct short but highly forceful attacks on the opponents. In the same way, Guerrilla marketing follows the concept of surprise and taking the customer unguarded, and projecting the advertised content or message in a targeted manner when the customer least expects it or is least prepared to steal himself or herself against the impact (Tufel, 2004). The logic behind using the surprise element is that most customers being exposed to innumerous advertising messages throughout their day – through TV, the Internet, billboards, newspapers, pamphlets, in shop point of purchase displays etc. – are mostly able to immune themselves against these messages (Susca et al, 2008). There is too much clutter of advertising messages and customers can tune themselves out of the picture when plagued by a huge amount of information that impinges on their senses.

Taxation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Taxation - Assignment Example Whether someone is employed or self employed depends upon the terms and conditions of relevant engagement. The tax and National Insurance contributions (NICs) rules do, however have special rules that apply to certain special categories of workers in certain circumstances. If you work for someone else it is important to know whether you are working for that person in employed capacity or in a self- employed capacity as an independent contractor.† (HMRC)ii Self employed taxpayers have the advantage of claiming wide range of expenses against the receipts of self employment services. â€Å"The decision to become self employed can also be affected by tax system.†(David G Blanch flower and Chris Shad forth)iii There is also an advantage of payment of income tax by instalments as against taxes being withheld by the employer under the PAYE scheme. It becomes extremely difficult in many cases to distinguish between self employment status and employee status of a tax payer. Whene ver any taxpayer is working on part time basis with more than one entity it is always the desire of HMRC to consider the tax payer under the employee status. This is because of easy and quick collection of taxes and NI under PAYE scheme on an income where only limited range of expenses can be claimed and thus providing higher amount of taxes. In fact these are the nature of activities of the taxpayer that decide the status of the tax payer. If there exists a contract of services then it is easy to consider taxpayer as an employee of the entity with whom the contract has been executed to render the services. But when such contracts exist for more than one entity the taxpayer would be treated as self employed rendering services to a number of entities. What will happen when there is no such contract? Under such conditions the issue is decided on basis of certain criteria. The main criteria are control over the performance of activities, fixidity of payment of remuneration even when th e entity is not earning, ownership of equipments used by the taxpayer during the performance of the duties, and exclusivity of providing services to one entity among other considerations. In our case Sam is now providing services exclusively to West London Company, and that is why HMRC wants tax him under the status of an employee and not under the status of as a self employed person. When you are not your own master and control of your activities and the performance is guided by the person providing you the remuneration, the status of the taxpayer is treated as an employee of the person providing him/ her the remuneration. â€Å"You are responsible for your own taxes and NI contributions† (Directgov)iv In the case of Sam his activities are now completely controlled by West London Company. Company is providing a fixed monthly remuneration of ?7500 even though he is operating from home. At the same time company is also providing him access to a desk, telephone, computer, and a lso stationery in the office. No reimbursement of expenses is allowed under the arrangement as the remuneration is fixed at ?7500 per month. There is exclusivity as Sam is also not providing services to any other entity or client. It should be noted that employment income is taxed on the basis of receipt of remuneration and not on accrual or earned basis which is applied when the taxpayer’

Islamic Civilization and Byzantium Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Islamic Civilization and Byzantium - Essay Example This small group moved to Medina under the command of Allah, where many Muslims already resided. This became the first Muslim State (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 302-305). Despite this, the Muslims in Medina were attacked by those in Mecca several times. Due to their status as idol-worshippers and the breaking of a peace treaty, Mohammed decided it was time to conquer Mecca, where many of those living there were converted into Islam (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 301). From here, Islam began to flourish under the Prophet Mohammed until his death in 632AD, as the people of Mecca were converted and no longer provided a threat (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 318-322). Despite this, Islam would face several challenges following the death of the Prophet Mohammed (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 308-335). As with many religions, there was a split in Islam reflecting an internal conflict; the Sunni sect, who hold Mohammed’s life up as an example of purity and are said to follow tradition, and the Shi’a sect. who follow the word of Imams as they believe they are directly descended from Mohammed and he appointed this lineage as his successors (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 325-335). ... Sufism is slightly different to the Shi’a/Sunni split, as followers of Sufi can identify with a separate sect whilst still following Sufi Islam (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 325-335). Islam refers to the people of the book (referring to those of other religions that follow similar ideals to those within Islam, like Christians and Jewish people) as dhimmi (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 325-335). These peoples are allowed to live in the Muslim State and can be exempted from some parts of Sharia Law. The dhimmi are afforded the utmost respect in Islam (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 325-335), as the teachings of Allah and the Prophet Mohammed suggest they should be. Additionally, the constitution of Medina suggests that those who follow religious and good lives should be treated as equals. Additionally, being an Abrahimic religion, there are many similarities between Islam, Christianity and Judaism. All three religions worship one God, in contrast to many of the smaller religions th at were around in the area at the time of Mohammed (von Sivers, Desnoyers & Stow 325-335). There are also many similar guidelines and practises within Islam when compared with those found in Christianity and Judaism. What circumstances brought Abd al-Rahman I to Iberia? Discuss his efforts to establish the Umayyad dynasty in Iberia. How do these efforts impact Jews and Christians during his rule and afterwards? In what ways did language (Arabic) and culture impact the Jews and Christians of Iberia? What were their respective reactions? Relate and discuss examples of these reactions. What happened to the Umayyad dynasty under Abd al-Rahman III? Abd-al-Rahman I first came to Iberia as a result of having to flee the old Umayyad dynasty, found in Damascus, as the Abbasid were coming to power in the

Airplanes And Aircraft Engineering Essay

Airplanes And Aircraft Engineering Essay Aircrafts are capable of flight using forward motion that generates lift as the wing moves through the air. Airplane is propelled by a screw propeller or a high-velocity jet, and supported by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings. There are many components of an airplane however the essential components are a wing system to sustain it during flight, tail surfaces to stabilize the wing, movable surfaces to control the attitude of the machine in flight, and a power plant to provide the thrust to push the craft through the air. An enclosed body which is known as the fuselage houses the crew, passengers, and cargo, as well as the controls and instruments used by the navigator. An airplane also requires a support system when it is at rest on a surface and during takeoff and landing. Airplanes have different shapes and sizes depending on the purpose, but the modern airplanes have some features in common. They are fuselage, tail assembly and control surfaces, wing, power-plant and landing gear. In this report the prime focus is on the Prime components of the aircraft assuring structural integrity while meeting requirements for optimum operational performance of an aircraft. The empennage is also known as the tail is the rear part of the aircraft. Usually it includes the stabilizers, rudder and elevator as many other components as seen below.. It is constructed depending on the aircraft for example in fighter jets it may be constructed around the exhaust nozzle. In commercial aircrafts the empennage is built from the cabin pressure-cone and may contain the Flight Data Recorder (black box), Cockpit Voice Recorder and the pressure out-flow valve. There is another design which does not require an elevator. In this design there is a one-piece horizontal stabilizer that pivots from a central hinge point, such a design is known as a stabilator. 2. Wings: As we can see below is a wing. Wings are airfoils attached to each side of the fuselage and are the main lifting surfaces that help the airplane during flight. There are great variations in the wing designs, sizes, and shapes used by the various manufacturers. Each of these specifications fulfils a certain need with respect to the performance for an airplane. Wings may be attached at the top, middle, or lower portion of the fuselage and are referred to as high-, mid-, and low-wing, respectively. The number of wings may vary. Monoplanes contain a single set of wings while those with two sets are called Biplanes. The principal structural parts of the wing are SPARS, RIBS, and STRINGERS. These are reinforced by trusses, I-beams, tubing, or other devices, including the skin. The wing ribs determine the shape and thickness of the wing (airfoil). Attached to the rear, or trailing, edges of the wings are two types of control surfaces referred to as ailerons and flaps. http://khup.com/view/2_keyword-design-of-aircraft-rib-structure/aircraft-structure.html 2.1 Spars 2.1.1. Definition: The spar is the main structural member of the wing, in a fixed-wing aircraft, running span wise at right angles to the fuselage. There may be more than 1 spar or none at all. 2.1.2 Uses: Fight loads and the weight of the wings whilst on the ground is carried by spars. Spars are also used in aerofoil surfaces such as the tail plane, fin and serve a similar function, although the loads transmitted may be different. 2.1.3. Loads: Upward bending loads from the wing lift force that supports the fuselage in flight. Downward bending loads due to the weights acting. Drag loads dependent on airspeed and inertia. Rolling inertia loads. Chordwise twisting loads due to aerodynamic effects at high airspeeds. 2.1.4. Materials: Wooden construction Early aircraft used spars carved from solid Spruce or Ash. Wooden spar types have been used and tried with such as spars which are box-section in form; or laminated spars which are laid up in a jig, and compression glued to retain the wing dihedral. Wooden spars are still being used in light aircraft such as the Robin DR400. Metal spars A common metal spar in a general aviation aircraft generally consists of a sheet aluminium spar web, with L or T -shaped spar caps being welded or riveted to the top and bottom of the sheet to prevent buckling under applied loads. Tubular metal spars The German Junkers J.I armoured fuselage ground-attack sesquiplane of 1917 used a Hugo Junkers -designed multi-tube network of several tubular wing spars, placed just under the corrugated duralumin wing covering and with each tubular spar connected to the adjacent one with a space frame of triangulated duralumin strips riveted onto the spars. Advantages Gives substantial increase in structural strength at a time when most other designs were built with wood-structure wings. Geodesic construction In aircraft such as the Vickers Wellington, a geodesic wing spar structure was employed which had the advantages of being lightweight and able to withstand heavy battle damage with only partial loss of strength. Composite construction Nowadays aircraft use carbon fibre and Kevlar in their construction, ranging in size from large airliners to small aircraft. Companies have employed solid fibreglass spars in their designs but now often use carbon fibre in their high performance gliders such as the ASG 29 Advantages The increase in strength and reduction in weight compared to the earlier fibreglass-sparred aircraft allows a greater quantity of water ballast to be carried. 2.1.5. Disadvantages: The wooden spar has a danger of the deteriorating effect that atmospheric conditions, both dry and wet, and biological threats such as wood-boring insect infestation and fungal attack can have on the wooded spars; consequently regular inspections are often mandated to maintain airworthiness. Similar disadvantages on metal spars limit their use. 2.2 Ribs 2.2.1. Definition: In an aircraft,  ribs  are forming elements of the structure of a  wing. Ribs are attached to the main  spar, and by being repeated at frequent intervals they form a skeletal shape. Usually ribs incorporate the  airfoil  shape of the wing. They are the cross-section shape of a wing. The ribs can be classified according to the types of load acting on it. Lightly loaded ribs are subjected to aerodynamic loads while a rib is subjected to concentrated forces transferred from primary points is considered as moderately loaded rib. 2.2.2 Function: Maintain the sectional shape of wing box. Function as panel breakers for stringers. Provide support for attachment of other systems. Distribute locally applied air pressure loads. 2.2.3. Stiffness: The ribs contribute little to the overall stiffness of the wing box and also carry little of global bend and twist loads acting on the wing. 2.2.4. Loads: Loads acting on the ribs are of three types: Loads transmitted from the skin-stringer wing panels. Concentrated forces transmitted to the rib due to landing gear connections, power plants nacelle connections, etc Body forces in the form of gravitational forces. Inertia forces due to wing structural mass. 2.2.5. Materials: Ribs are made out of wood, metal, plastic, composites, foam. Carbon reinforced composites (CFC) or Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics (CFRP) are used extensively in aircraft structures as they give high stiffness and strength with lower weight. 2.2.6. Advantages and Disadvantages: Wooden ribs are subjected to atmospheric deterioration. http://khup.com/view/2_keyword-loads-acting-on-ribs/report-5.html 2.3. Stringers or Longerons Interior of a Boeing/ Stearman PT-17 showing small channel section stringers. 2.3.1. Definition: A longeron  or  stringer  or  stiffener  is a thin strip of wood, metal or carbon fibre, to which the skin of the aircraft is fastened. Longerons are attached to  formers  in the case of the fuselage, or  ribs  in the case of a wing, or  empennage. In early aircraft, a fabric covering was sewn to the longerons, and then stretched tight by painting it with  dope, which would make the fabric shrink, and become stiff. 2.3.2. Properties: Longeron and stringer are used interchangeably. If the longitudinal members in a fuselage are less in number (usually 4 to 8), they are called longerons. The longeron system requires that the fuselage frames be closely spaced (about every 4 to 6 in/10 to 15 cm). If the longitudinal members are numerous (usually 50 to 100) then they are called stringers. In the stringer system the longitudinal members are smaller and the frames are spaced farther apart (about 15 to 20 in/38 to 51 cm). Longerons are of larger cross-section when compared to stringers. 2.3.3. Advantages: On modern aircraft the stringer system is more common because its more weight efficient despite being complex to construct and analyze. Some aircraft, use a combination of both stringers and longerons. The stringers carry bending moments and axial forces. They also stabilize the thin fuselage skin. 3. Power Plant: A power plant consists of propeller and engine.   The main function of the engine is to supply power to run the propeller. It also generates electrical power, provides vacuum source for flight instruments, and provides a source of heat for the pilot and passengers. The engine is covered by a cowling, or in some airplanes, surrounded by a nacelle. Its purpose is to streamline the flow of air around the engine and to help cool the engine by ducting air around the cylinders. The propeller on the front of the engine converts the rotating force of the engine into forward acting force called thrust that helps move the airplane through the air. 4. Landing gear: Every matter has its base on which it stands. The principle support of the airplane when parked, taxiing, taking off, or when landing is its landing gear. The most common type of landing gear consists of wheels, but airplanes can also be equipped with floats for water operations, or skis for landing on snow. The landing gear consists of three wheels two main wheels-tail wheels and a third wheel positioned either at the front or rear of the airplane-nose wheel, the design is referred to as a tricycle gear A steerable nose wheel or tail wheel permits the airplane to be controlled throughout all operations while on the ground.    5. Fuselage Fuselage is aircrafts main body and covers the majority of the airplane, it holds all other pieces of the aircraft together and other large components are attached to it. The fuselage is generally streamlined to reduce drag. Designs for fuselages vary widely. The fuselage houses the cockpit where the pilot and flight crew sit and it provides areas for passengers and cargo. Some aircraft carry fuel in the fuselage; others carry the fuel in the wings. 5.1. Types of Fuselage Structures: Truss Structure Geodesic construction Monocoque Shell Semi-monocoque 5.5.1. Truss Structure: This kind of structure is used in lightweight aircraft using welded steel tube trusses. A box truss fuselage structure can also be built out of wood-covered with plywood. 5.1.2. Geodesic construction: Geodesic structural elements used by during the wars, World War II, to form the whole of the fuselage, including its shape. In this multiple flat strip stringers are wound about the formers in opposite spiral directions, giving a basket-like appearance. This proved to be light, strong, and rigid and had the advantage of being made almost entirely of wood. Its redundant structure can survive localized damage without catastrophic failure. 5.1.3. Monocoque Shell In this method, the exterior surface of the fuselage is also the primary structure. A typical early form of this built using moulded plywood, where the layers of plywood are formed over a plug or within a mould. A later form of this structure uses fibreglass cloth impregnated with polyester or epoxy resin, instead of plywood, as the skin. A simple form of this used in some amateur-built aircraft uses rigid expanded foam plastic as the core, with a fibreglass covering, eliminating the necessity of fabricating moulds, but requiring more effort in finishing. An example of a larger moulded plywood aircraft is the de Havilland Mosquito fighter/light bomber of World War II. No plywood-skin fuselage is truly monocoque, since stiffening elements are incorporated into the structure to carry concentrated loads that would otherwise buckle the thin skin. The use of moulded fibreglass using negative (female) moulds (which give a nearly finished product) is prevalent in the series production of ma ny modern sailplanes. 5.1.4. Semi-monocoque. This is the preferred method of constructing an all-aluminium fuselage. First, a series of frames in the shape of the fuselage cross sections are held in position on a rigid fixture, or jig. These frames are then joined with lightweight longitudinal elements called stringers. These are in turn covered with a skin of sheet aluminium, attached by riveting or by bonding with special adhesives. The fixture is then disassembled and removed from the completed fuselage shell, which is then fitted out with wiring, controls, and interior equipment such as seats and luggage bins. Most modern large aircraft are built using this technique, but use several large sections constructed in this fashion which are then joined with fasteners to form the complete fuselage. As the accuracy of the final product is determined largely by the costly fixture, this form is suitable for series production, where a large number of identical aircraft are to be produced. Both monocoque and semi-monocoque are referred to as stressed skin structures as all or a portion of the external load (i.e. from wings and empennage, and from discrete masses such as the engine) is taken by the surface covering. In addition, the entire load from internal pressurization is carried (as skin tension) by the external skin. As stated above we are now familiar with the prime components of an airplane. Now let us get into detail, and understand the components such as the bulkhead, Frames, Ribs, Spars, Stringers (Longerons), and Skins. 5.2. BULKHEADS 5.2.1. Definition: A bulkhead is the physical partition that divides a plane or a fuselage into different classes or sections. Typically, a bulkhead is a wall but can also be a curtain or screen. In addition to separating classes from one another, i.e. business and economy, bulkheads can be found throughout the plane, separating the seats from the galley and lavatory areas. Bulkheads also contribute to the structural stability and rigidity of a craft. 5.2.2. Uses: 5.2.3. Loads: 5.2.4. Materials: 5.3. FRAMES 5.3.1. Definition: The airframe provides the structure to which all other components are attached. Airframes may be welded tube, sheet metal, composite, or simply tubes bolted together. A combination of construction methods may also be employed. The airframes with the greatest strength-to-weight ratios are a carbon fibre material or the welded tube structure, which has been in use for a number of years. 5.3.2. Uses: 5.3.3. Loads: 5.3.4. Materials: Material Selection Material Usage Advantages Disadvantages High strength unidirectional graphite/epoxy Spar caps High strength, low weight High cost, low impact resistance, difficult to manufacture High modulus  ±45 ° graphite/epoxy Skin (w/foam core), Shear web, Wing ribs High strength, low weight, low surface roughness, stealth characteristics High cost, low impact resistance, difficult to manufacture Aluminum 7075-T6 Bulkheads, Longerons Low cost, ease of manufacture, good sturctural efficiency Low strength, not weldable Stainless steel (AM-350) Landing gear Relatively low cost, high strength, corrosion resistance High weight Nickel (Hastelloy B) Nozzles and ducting Temperature resistance Low structural resistance Kevlar Internal armor High strength, low weight, high impact resistance High cost, difficult to manufacture

Reflective Essay on Fiction Writing :: Teaching Writing Education Essays

Reflective Essay on Fiction Writing I’ll be honest. I was worried about writing fiction up until I realized that fiction is just nonfiction exaggerated, nonfiction with a wider allowance for artistic merit, and nonfiction with the gaps filled in. And fiction doesn’t have to be as imaginative, in a fantasy sense, as I had thought. It’s still very real, or at least mine is. For the nonfiction essay, I wrote a string of memories, anything I could think of and that I could potentially expand upon in a longer piece, and I did this early on. For this fiction essay, I am doing something similar; I made a list of character types and wrote some sketches of ‘characters’ I’ve come across in my own life. I used one of these character types for my extraordinary scene, and then sought help from the king of making the ordinary extraordinary, William Carlos Williams, to fix the character in a scene. Using the character type worked for me this time because I was merely observing her; there was some distance, and I didn’t have to get inside her head so much. In general, though, I find that I shy away from the character types, at least for our assignments, because they require a lot of work on my part, and I didn’t have enough time to get to know them well enough to do them justice in a story. So I stuck to the characters I knew more ab out. For my short fiction, I worked off the framework of a story that I knew happened. But my knowledge of the event was very limited (it could be told in one sentence), so I filled in the gaps and made it fiction by telling my version of what might have happened. For the longer fiction, I worked off of something that one of my real life ‘characters’ said jokingly, but I built a fictional story around it being said in all seriousness. Overall, I’m happy with my extraordinary scene. I like the picture I created. It’s satisfying. I like it on its own, but I also wonder what more I could do with it. I think I could work with her character, maybe bring her up against some trouble. We discussed this in conference, but I really think that I should think up some trouble for my characters. I think I have developed and even embodied my characters well, but my stories don’t push any limits because they lack tension and urgency.